Editing Fennel

{{PlantProfile
| scientific_name = Foeniculum vulgare var. azoricum
| family = Apiaceae
| varieties = <li>Finocchio (ID: 159)</li>
}}
<span id="introduction"></span>
== Introduction ==

'''Foeniculum vulgare var. azoricum''', commonly known as '''Florence fennel''' or '''finocchio''', is a cultivar of the species ''Foeniculum vulgare'', which belongs to the family Apiaceae. This plant is a perennial herb, originally from the Mediterranean region, and has been widely cultivated for its edible, flavorful leaves and bulb-like stem base<ref>https://gbif.org/species/144101470</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fennel</ref>. Florence fennel is particularly valued for its mild anise-like flavor, which is sweeter and more aromatic than the wild type<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fennel</ref>.

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== Characteristics ==

* '''Physical Characteristics''': Florence fennel has a swollen, bulb-like stem base, which is used as a vegetable. The plant is smaller than the wild type and has feathery leaves similar to those of dill but thinner<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fennel</ref>. It produces yellow flowers in terminal compound umbels<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fennel</ref>.
* '''Growing Conditions''': Fennel prefers full sun, rich, well-drained soil, and consistent moisture, especially when young<ref>https://gardenalchemyseeds.ca/pages/growing-bronze-fennel-benefits-and-instructions</ref><ref>https://plantura.garden/uk/vegetables/fennel/planting-fennel</ref>. It can tolerate dry soil as it matures and benefits from mulching in colder climates<ref>https://gardenalchemyseeds.ca/pages/growing-bronze-fennel-benefits-and-instructions</ref>.
* '''Lifecycle''': Fennel is a hardy perennial that can grow up to 2.1 meters tall. It is often harvested for its bulb and fronds, which can be used in various culinary dishes<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fennel</ref>.

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== Why is this crop useful for space? ==

Fennel could be beneficial for space cultivation due to several reasons: - '''Nutritional Value''': Fennel is rich in vitamins and minerals, providing essential nutrients for astronauts on long-duration missions<ref>https://gardenalchemyseeds.ca/pages/growing-bronze-fennel-benefits-and-instructions</ref>. - '''Air Purification''': Like many plants, fennel can contribute to air purification by removing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen, improving the air quality in closed environments<ref>https://ecofriendlyhomestead.com/sustainable-garden/learn/growing-fennel-in-a-regenerative-garden-everything-to-know-for-fat-bulbs-and-fancy-pollen</ref>. - '''Psychological Benefits''': The presence of plants can have positive psychological effects on individuals in isolated environments, such as space stations<ref>https://ecofriendlyhomestead.com/sustainable-garden/learn/growing-fennel-in-a-regenerative-garden-everything-to-know-for-fat-bulbs-and-fancy-pollen</ref>. - '''Low Maintenance''': Once established, fennel requires minimal care, making it suitable for controlled environments where resources might be limited<ref>https://gardenalchemyseeds.ca/pages/growing-bronze-fennel-benefits-and-instructions</ref>.

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== History of Cultivation in Space ==

There is no specific information available on the cultivation of ''Foeniculum vulgare var. azoricum'' in space. However, various plants have been grown in space as part of experiments to understand plant growth in microgravity and to develop sustainable food systems for future space missions. For example, NASA’s Veggie project has successfully grown several plant species on the International Space Station, demonstrating the feasibility of plant cultivation in space. While fennel has not been specifically mentioned in these experiments, its hardiness and nutritional value make it a potential candidate for future space agriculture initiatives.


== References ==
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