Editing Escarole

{{PlantProfile
| scientific_name = Cichorium endivia
| family = Asteraceae
| varieties = <li>Natacha (ID: 14)</li>
}}
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== Introduction ==

''Cichorium endivia'', commonly known as endive or escarole, is a flowering plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. It is widely cultivated for its edible leaves, which are used as a salad green. The plant is native to the Eastern Mediterranean and India but has been introduced and cultivated in many parts of the world for its nutritional and culinary value<ref>https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/CICEN</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cichorium_endivia</ref>. ''Cichorium endivia'' includes several varieties, with escarole being a notable type characterized by its broad, flat leaves<ref>http://gardening.cornell.edu/homegardening/scene79ad.html</ref><ref>https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/cichorium-endivia</ref>.

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== Characteristics ==

* '''Physical Characteristics''': ''Cichorium endivia'' plants can grow between 10 inches and 2 feet tall, with a spread of about the same width. They have two main types of leaves: curly endive leaves are narrow and fringed, while escarole leaves are broad and flat<ref>https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/cichorium-endivia</ref>. Both types form a loose head with a creamy yellow center<ref>https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/cichorium-endivia</ref>.
* '''Growing Conditions''': These plants thrive in full sun to partial shade and require well-drained soil with a pH between 5.5 and 8.3<ref>https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/cichorium-endivia</ref>. They are cool-season crops, performing best at temperatures around 60-65°F (15-18°C)<ref>https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/cichorium-endivia</ref>. Escarole is more tolerant of heat and cold than lettuce<ref>http://gardening.cornell.edu/homegardening/scene79ad.html</ref>.
* '''Lifecycle''': ''Cichorium endivia'' is typically grown as an annual or biennial. It germinates quickly, with seeds emerging in 5 to 7 days at optimal temperatures of around 75°F (24°C)<ref>http://gardening.cornell.edu/homegardening/scene79ad.html</ref>. The growth period from sowing to harvest is approximately 70-100 days<ref>https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/cichorium-endivia</ref>.

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== Why is this crop useful for space? ==

''Cichorium endivia'' could be beneficial for space cultivation due to several factors:

* '''Nutritional Value''': It is rich in vitamins A and C, B vitamins, and dietary fiber, including inulin, which supports gut health<ref>https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/HS1489</ref>. These nutrients are crucial for maintaining health in space environments where access to fresh produce is limited.
* '''Low Maintenance''': Compared to other leafy greens, ''Cichorium endivia'' is relatively hardy and can tolerate some stress, making it a good candidate for controlled environments like those found in space<ref>http://gardening.cornell.edu/homegardening/scene79ad.html</ref><ref>https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/cichorium-endivia</ref>.
* '''Space Efficiency''': Its compact growth habit allows for efficient use of space, which is essential in space missions where space is limited.
* '''Psychological Benefits''': Fresh greens can provide a psychological boost to astronauts by offering a taste of home and variety in their diet.

<span id="history-of-cultivation-in-space-if-there-is-any"></span>
== History of Cultivation in Space (if there is any) ==

Currently, there are no specific records of ''Cichorium endivia'' being cultivated in space. However, NASA and other space agencies have conducted experiments with various leafy greens in controlled environments to explore their potential for future space missions. These experiments often focus on hydroponic or aeroponic systems, which could be adapted for ''Cichorium endivia'' cultivation in space<ref>https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/HS1489</ref>. As space agriculture continues to evolve, plants like ''Cichorium endivia'' may become more relevant due to their nutritional benefits and adaptability to controlled environments.


== References ==
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